Combine the 270 grams of flour, sugar, instant yeast and salt in the bowl of a stand mixer.

Combine the water and milk in a microwave safe measuring cup. Heat mixture in microwave until it is very warm (about 127 degrees).

Add milk/water mixture and softened butter to the flour mixture and stir until a dough forms.

Attach dough hook to mixer and knead until smooth and elastic. The dough should be thick and neither too sticky nor dry. Transfer to a bowl that you’ve rubbed with olive oil (or melted butter).

Cover and let rise at room temperature for one hour, then punch down. Transfer dough to a gallon size zipper bag and chill overnight.

Prepare the butter block. Cut the stick of butter lengthwise into 3 even strips then cut those strips in half to make 6 pieces. Repeat with the half stick of butter so that you have 9 pieces. Put butter pieces in a 1 gallon freezer zipper bag and add 1 tablespoon flour. Shake well to coat. Set the bag on a flat surface and nudge the butter pieces down toward the corner of the bag, keeping them flat. Using your rolling pin and your fingers, gently pound and mold into a 5 inch square, using the corner of the bag as guide. Your square should end up in the corner of the bag. Chill the square of butter until it is firm.

About 10 minutes prior to rolling, take your butter square out of the refrigerator and cut away the zipper bag (save the greasy bag, you can use it for rolling and covering the rising dough).

Using flour only as necessary, on a silicone mat, roll the cold dough into a rectangle that is at least 6 inches wide and about 13 inches long. Set the butter square at the bottom of the rectangle leaving about a half inch between edge of dough and the butter square. Fold the top of the rectangle down over the butter and seal the edges to make a big square.

Flip the dough over and make sure the butter is completely sealed in. Dust with a little flour, then using your hands, push the square of dough inward so it becomes somewhat rectangular (if it’s not already). Use your rolling pin to roll it into a rectangle that is about 8 inches wide and close to 16 inches long.

Take the top (8 inch side) and fold downward toward the middle, then take the bottom and fold up toward the middle leaving a ½ inch space in the middle. Now fold at the ½ inch space like a book (the half inch space becomes the spine).

Position the dough so that the “spine” is on the left, then roll into another rectangle again that’s about 5 inches wide and at least14 inches long. Repeat the folding process you just did for the “book” by folding the top and bottom in toward the middle, then folding again at the space where they almost come together. This time you'll have a rather stubby "book".

Wrap tightly and chill for 2 to 4 hours.

At this point the dough will be a pretty firm puffed up block. Using your rolling pin, pound it down and on a lightly floured pastry mat, roll into a big rectangle about 9x12. The dough may be slightly spring-y so you’ll probably need to let it rest a bit between rolls. The goal is to get a 9x12 inch rectangle, but if you can’t get your rectangle that large don’t worry.

Cut whatever size rectangle you've made into 9 pieces. If you were able to roll into a 9x12 inch rectangle, you should have 9 pieces that are 3x4 inches each. If not, you can pound and roll each section separately into a 3x4 inch piece as you roll the chocolate.

Put your chocolate near the bottom edge of the rectangle, then roll up tightly.

Set seam side down on a parchment lined baking sheet, and press down slightly to give them kind of a squarish shape. Repeat with all the squares so they are all on one large RIMMED baking sheet. The butter may leak, so you really need a rimmed baking sheet.

Cover the unbaked pain au chocolate with a piece of greased wax paper or plastic wrap (or the greasy bag you used for the butter) and let sit at room temperature for about an hour. They will puff up a bit.

Brush with a little beaten egg, giving extra egg-attention to the seams. If they’ve puffed up, you’ll want to carefully pinch them and seal them with egg. Sprinkle with sugar if desired.

Preheat the oven to 450 (you will bake at 400, but start with a really hot oven).

Put the pastries in the hot oven, close the door and immediately turn down heat to 400. Bake for 18 minutes or until golden brown. If you pull the pastries out of the oven and they are sitting in pools of butter, don’t worry. Just pick them up and transfer them to a cooling rack.

You can serve them anytime now or let them cool and freeze. I like to get stuff extra chocolate into the sides while they are still hot.